PD-1, a negative coreceptor expressed on antigen-stimulated T cells and B cells, seems to
serve as a 'rheostat' of the immune response. The molecular mechanisms of the functions of …

Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, joining surgery,
radiation, and chemotherapy. While early immunotherapies focused on accelerating T-cell …

… Author links open overlay panel Taku Okazaki , Yoshiko Iwai , Tasuku Honjo … Taku Okazaki
and Yoshiko Iwai are graduate research and postgraduate fellows of Japan Society for the …

PD-1 is a receptor of the Ig superfamily that negatively regulates T cell antigen receptor
signaling by interacting with the specific ligands (PD-L) and is suggested to play a role in the …

Programmed death 1 (PD-1)–deficient mice develop a variety of autoimmune-like diseases,
which suggests that this immunoinhibitory receptor plays an important role in tolerance. We …

PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid
cells. Mice deficient in PD-1 exhibit a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and demonstrate …

Background We aimed to examine whether stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain
radiotherapy (WBRT) as the initial treatment for patients with five to ten brain metastases is non-…

1. Morphological Characteristics Strain AM-2282 forms well-developed aerial mycelia with
simple branching and straight sporebearing hyphae (Plate 1). Sporangia and flagellated …

Although increased circulating tumor antigen-specific CD8 + T cells can be achieved by
vaccination or adoptive transfer, tumor progression nonetheless often occurs through resistance …

OBJECTIVES: Shinrin-yoku (walking and/or staying in forests in order to promote health) is
a major form of relaxation in Japan; however, its effects have yet to be completely clarified. …